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In 1955, proposed a principle of creating the world's first generator quanta of electromagnetic radiation in a medium with population inversion, in which the stimulated emission resulting from the use of feedback led to the generation of highly monochromatic radiation. A few years later, in 1960, an American physicist T. Meiman launched the first maser optical range laser. As a result of internal processes excited chromium ions to the ground state is not immediately, but after two excited levels. At these levels there is an accumulation of ions and sufficiently powerful flash xenon lamp, a population inversion occurs between the intermediate levels and the ground level of chromium ions.
The ends of the ruby ​​rod, polished, coated with reflective film interference, while maintaining a strict parallelism of the ends of each other. If there is a population inversion of levels of chromium ions in ruby ​​are flooding forced increase in the number of emitted photons, and the feedback system on an optical resonator formed by mirrors at the ends of the ruby ​​rod, provides a focused beam formation of red light. The laser pulse length, slightly shorter than the duration of the flash xenon lamp. Ruby laser pulse energy of about 1 J. It is known that a narrow beam of light directed can be obtained in principle from any source, putting on the path of the light flux series of screens with small openings arranged in a straight line. Imagine that we have a heated black body and using diaphragms have a beam of light through a prism of which the spectral instrument or other isolated beam with a spectral width corresponding to the width of the laser radiation. Knowing the power of the laser radiation, the width of its spectrum and angular divergence of the beam by using Planck's formula to calculate the temperature of an imaginary black body was used as the source of the light beam equivalent to a laser beam. This calculation leads us to a fantastic figure: the temperature of the blackbody to be of the order of tens of millions of degrees! A surprising feature of the laser beam - its high effective temperature (even at a relatively low average laser power or low-energy laser pulse) opens up great opportunities for researchers; it is absolutely impracticable without the use of a laser.