| Home
Take Action!
Mini Big Bangs
Black Holes
Strange Matter
ExtraDimensions
Military Weapons
CERN
LHC in Court
07 LHC Accident
Bosenovas
The Wrath Race
Who
Breaking News
Links
Contact |
In the 30's. this century a new stage in the development of atomic physics. During these years, it became clear that the nature of interactions responsible for the processes within the nucleus and explain the stability or activity of the nuclei is quite different compared to the interactions that determine the processes occurring in the electron shells of an atom. In this regard, from atomic physics to allocate a separate scientific field related to research the physics of atomic nuclei in the 40s. this direction took shape as an independent physical science - nuclear physics. Finally, in the 50s. Of Nuclear Physics, spun direction associated with the study of systematic and interconversion of elementary particles - the physics of elementary particles.
The result revealed a well-defined range of issues that form the content of modern atomic physics. She was not interested in the processes occurring in the nucleus, as well as the interconversion of elementary particles.
Atomic physics studies the processes involving atoms or ions, then only those processes that do not lead to any changes in atomic nuclei. Consequently, we are talking about the processes that affect only the electron shells of atoms. Among such processes include: changes in the states of electrons in an atom under the influence of external electric or magnetic fields (for example, under the influence of external fields, the splitting of energy levels of atoms), the absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation by atoms, the collision of atoms with free electrons, as well as with other atoms, ions and molecules (as a result of collisions with electrons or other atoms can be excited microobjects, jump from an excited state in less than excited, to turn into ions), the interaction of the electron shells of different atoms, leading to the formation of molecules and crystals. All these processes are caused by the electromagnetic interaction. The probabilities of these processes are calculated using the formalism of quantum mechanics.
Modern atomic physics studies as a special type of atom, called the mesic atom. Mesic atom arises from the normal as a result of replacing one of the muonium electron (n-), antimezonom (n, K), a negatively charged antiproton or hyperon. There are also anomalous "hydrogen" atoms - positronium, muonium, in which the role played by protons or positrons are positively charged antimuonium. All these atoms are unstable, their lifetime is limited to the lifetime of the above particles. Mesic generated during the braking of the particles - the capture of negatively charged particles by the Coulomb field of atomic nuclei, or the capture of positrons and antimuonium atomic electrons. |